AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY: TRENDS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES: A REVIEW

Agricultural transformation and food security are interconnected concepts that represent critical challenges and opportunities in global food systems. Agricultural transformation refers to the process of modernizing and improving agricultural practices, technologies and systems to increase productivity and sustainability. This transformation is essential in the context of food security, which is defined as a state where all individuals have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food to lead healthy lives. The growing global population, coupled with climate change and economic disparities, underscores the urgency of advancing agricultural methods to ensure food availability and equity in access. This review examines the intricate relationship between agricultural transformation and global food security. It explores the historical evolution of agricultural practices, from the Agricultural Revolution to the Green Revolution, highlighting their impact on food production and societal development. The review analyzes the concept of sustainable agriculture, emphasizing its importance in balancing current food needs with the preservation of natural resources for future generations. Key technological innovations, including precision agriculture, AI and blockchain are discussed in the context of enhancing agricultural efficiency and sustainability. The impact of climate change on agriculture and the resulting challenges to food security are also addressed. Furthermore, the review delves into the drivers of agricultural transformation, focusing on transformation readiness, the quality of agricultural plans, and effective delivery mechanisms. It examines case studies showcasing diverse agricultural practices and their outcomes, particularly within the Indian context. Finally, the review explores future perspectives on agricultural transformation, emphasizing the role of technological advancements, sustainable practices and socioeconomic considerations in achieving global food security.