Helminthic Immune Modulation by Schistosoma Antigens: Implications for Translational Immunotherapy

Schistosoma species, causative agents of schistosomiasis, employ sophisticated immune evasion strategies that allow chronic infection in their human hosts. Central to these strategies are antigens secreted or shed by the parasite, which modulate host immune responses. These antigens not only facilitate parasite survival but also provide valuable insights into immune regulation with potential applications in treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. This article reviews the host immune responses to Schistosoma, key immunomodulatory antigens, mechanisms of immune modulation, and their therapeutic implications. Current challenges in translating these findings to clinical therapies are also discussed.