Peri-Implantitis: A Comprehensive Review

Peri-implantitis is a pathological condition increasingly recognized as a major cause of dental implant failure, characterized by inflammation in the peri-implant mucosa and progressive bone loss. With the global rise in implant placement, understanding the biological, microbial, and clinical aspects of this disease is crucial. This narrative review aims to consolidate and contextualize current literature on peri-implantitis, offering a structured synthesis of existing data. It encompasses discussions on classification systems, etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnostic parameters, and available therapeutic approaches. As implant dentistry continues to evolve, an integrated understanding of peri-implantitis is vital for improving clinical protocols and long-term implant success. This review serves as a valuable reference for clinicians and researchers alike, highlighting the importance of early intervention, consistent maintenance, and evidence- based strategies in mitigating the growing burden of peri-implant disease.