Green Synthesis of Quinoline and Its Derivatives

Quinoline is a significant nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound recognized for its structural importance in both natural and synthetic compounds, particularly in medicinal chemistry. Its chemical properties, akin to those of pyridine and benzene, contribute to its versatility and extensive biological activity. Quinoline is relatively non-toxic to humans, enhancing its therapeutic potential. Various synthetic methods for quinoline production have evolved, including traditional techniques and advanced methods such as non-catalytic metal exchanges, ultrasonic irradiation, and eco-friendly green chemistry approaches. Quinoline derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological activities, including antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anti-Leishmania effects, underscoring their significance in drug discovery and development.