Comparative Analysis of Monohull and Catamaran Passenger Vessels: Performance in Shallow Waters

This study investigated modifying a 500 GT monohull passenger vessel into a catamaran while maintaining displacement, with the aim of enhancing resistance. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis, following the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) protocols, was employed to simulate fluid flow around vessel geometries. Simulations were conducted at 8 knots in shallow water with a depth of 3 m, resulting in a depth-to-draft ratio (h/t) of 1.5. The results showed that the monohull experienced a 102.56 kN resistance, which is 35% higher than that of the catamaran's 35.73 kN. The resistance of the monohull was influenced by the increased fluid flow velocity around the bow and stern, leading to a greater hull-water interaction. Pressure distribution analysis highlighted elevated pressure on the monohull bow due to high-velocity fluid interactions, while the catamaran configuration effectively managed the load distribution. Power calculations, assuming 50% efficiency, determined that the monohull required a 566 hp engine, whereas the catamaran required 197 hp. These findings emphasize the impact of vessel design on performance and efficiency, providing insights into engine selection and operational efficiency in maritime engineering.