Phytobia pium Carvalho-Filho, Monteiro & De-Souza 2025, sp. nov.

Phytobia pium Carvalho-Filho, Monteiro & De-Souza, sp. nov. (Figs 5, 6D–E, 7) Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (MPEG): Brasil [Brazil], TO [state of Tocantins], Pium / Base [= Research Center] Canguçu / 12 a [to] 21.V.2016 / F. S. Carvalho-Filho [collector] / Busca ativa. PARATYPE. ♂ (MPEG): Brasil [Brazil], TO [state of Tocantins], Pium / Base [= Research Center] Canguçu / 13–14.V.2016 / F. S. Carvalho-Filho [collector] / Prato azul [= blue pan trap]. Description. Male. Body length 2.8–2.9 mm; wing length 2.3 mm. Female. Unknown. Colouration. Head (Fig. 5A): Frons and fronto-orbital plate matte black with grey microtomentum, with basal half reddish-brown; ocellar triangle matte black, with grey microtomentum; lunule and face grey with grey microtomentum; clypeus matte black; gena brown; scape and pedicel orange; first flagellomere brown, orange apically; arista brown; palpus brown, with black setae apically; proboscis yellow; labellum yellow, with yellow setae. Thorax (Fig. 5A–5B): scutum and scutellum dark brown, grey tomentose; postpronotum dark brown, grey tomentose, with posterior margin light yellow; notopleuron dark brown, grey tomentose; anepimeron dark brown, grey tomentose, with narrow yellow band on upper margin; anepisternum greyish-dark brown with a narrow yellow band on posterior margin; katepimeron, katepisternum and meron dark brown; halter entirely yellow; calypter light yellow, with margin and fringe yellow. Wing (Fig. 5A): membrane hyaline, light yellow at base; legs brown, with apex of all femora yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 5C): predominately dark brown, posterior margin of tergites with narrow light yellow band. Head. Frons slightly visible above eye margin in lateral profile; 2 reclinate upper frontal setae and 2 inwardly inclinate lower frontal setae, similar in size; orbital setulae erect in one row; ocellar triangle short, ending before second upper frontal seta; lunule high, about 40% of frons length; clypeus rounded; first flagellomere circular and covered with black hairs; arista long, slightly longer than vertical height of eye, minutely pubescent; vibrissa long and thick, measuring almost half of aristal length. Thorax (Fig. 5B): Acrostichal setulae arranged in eight irregular rows; prescutellar seta present; 3+1 dorsocentral setae, increasing in size from presutural; 2 notopleural setae, similar in size. Wing (Fig. 5A). Wing tip between R 4+5 and M 1; R 4+5 and M 1 slightly recurved; C sections 2–4: 0.42: 0.15: 0.14; ultimate section of CuA 1 with same length of basal section; r-m distal to midpoint of dm. Legs. Fore tibia without posterodorsal seta; mid tibia with 1 posterodorsal seta on middle third. Terminalia (Figs 6D–E). Epandrium oval, higher than wide, with long setae; cercus long, about 2/3 height of epandrium and with long setae; surstylus rounded with a row of four stout spines and with some long setae; hypandrium U-shaped; phallapodeme about twice length of hypandrium; postgonite clavate, with widened distal portion; basiphallus elongate and thin, with distal portion composed of two branches, both with membranous lobes at tip; mesophallus rounded in lateral view and with bifid distal portion in ventral view; distiphallus elongate and clubbed in lateral view, medially divided with narrow halves closely adjoined in ventral view; ejaculatory apodeme missing. Distribution. Brazil (Tocantins) (Fig. 7). Etymology. This species is named after the region where the type specimen was collected, the municipality of Pium, in the state of Tocantins. A noun in apposition. Natural history. See Natural History section under P. piscivora sp. nov. Remarks. In the last published key to the Neotropical species of Phytobia (Sousa & Couri 2017), the new species runs to P. simpla Sousa & Couri, from which it differs in having the pleuron and tergites dark brown with light yellow markings. The pleuron and tergites of P. simpla are entirely dark brown. In addition, the surstylus of P. pium sp. nov. has a row of stout spines that are absent in the surstylus of P. simpla.