Effects of Excessive Screen Time on Eyes

Background: Excessive screen time has become increasingly common due to widespread use of digital devices, potentially affecting ocular health. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prolonged digital device use on eye function and visual comfort. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 345 participants aged 10–50 years. Participants were categorized based on daily screen time into mild (<4 hours), moderate (4–8 hours), and excessive (>8 hours). Data on demographics, screen usage, and ocular symptoms were collected via structured questionnaire. Comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation included visual acuity, refractive error, slit-lamp and fundus examination, Schirmer’s test, and tear break-up time (TBUT). Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square and ANOVA tests, with p <0.05 considered significant. Results: The study population included 185 males (53.6%) and 160 females (46.4%), with the majority aged 21–30 years (34.8%). Screen time distribution was mild 20.3%, moderate 43.5%, and excessive 36.2%. Eye strain/fatigue was reported by 46.4% of participants, dry eyes by 36.2%, blurred vision by 24.6%, and headache/ocular discomfort by 28.4%, with prevalence increasing significantly with longer screen time. Objective findings showed mean visual acuity declining from 0.08 ± 0.05 LogMAR (mild) to 0.18 ± 0.07 (excessive), TBUT decreasing from 12.5 ± 2.1 to 7.8 ± 2.0 seconds, Schirmer values from 15.0 ± 3.0 to 9.5 ± 2.5 mm, and mean refractive error increasing from 0.25 ± 0.3 D to 0.85 ± 0.5 D (all p <0.001). Conclusion: Excessive screen time is associated with increased ocular discomfort and measurable declines in eye function. Preventive strategies, including limiting screen exposure and promoting eye-friendly practices, are recommended to maintain visual health.