Ambidextrous Leadership and Entrepreneurial Orientation: A Dual-Path Strategy for Enhancing Operational Performance in Pakistan's Pharmaceutical Sector

Purpose - This study aims to investigate how ambidextrous leadership has contributed to the entrepreneurial orientation and enhanced operational performance of pharmaceutical firms in Pakistan. The study aims to determine the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation in the connection between operational performance enhancement and ambidextrous leadership. Design/Methodology - We have successfully collected a sample of 335 individuals working as middle managers and top management team members in pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan. The data analysis was conducted using SmartPLS software version 4.2. Findings- The results of the research showed that there exists a positive influence of ambidextrous leadership on entrepreneurial orientation. The predictive role of entrepreneurial orientation in improving the performance of an organization's operations is also shedding light on the results of the research work. The convergence of leadership, Entrepreneurship, and streams of operations management is assisting this research to deliver to managerial literature. Additionally, the mediator of the entrepreneurial orientation of ambidextrous leadership is an improved operational performance relationship. Theoretical Implications- research is based on the magnitude of impact of Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on the OP (Operational performance) in terms of the help of RBV theory or Resource-based view theory of the firm or organization, which is developed and enhanced in contrast to the theory of dynamic capabilities. Managerial Implications - The management of the organization should not overlook the importance of Operational Performance (OP) actions and initiatives in their approach, as they should not entirely rely on factors such as technology transfer. However, at the same time, they should strike a balance between cultivating an entrepreneurial style and promoting technology transfer among the organization's workforce or employees.