Corrosion Mechanism and Mitigation in Batteries: A Review

Batteries are essential electrochemical components that drive contemporary technologies such as portable electronics, renewable energy sources, and electric cars. However, rust severely impairs battery longevity and performance by causing chemical and electrochemical degradation of electrodes, current collectors, and interfaces. Capacity fading, elevated internal resistance, and possible safety risks including thermal runaway are all consequences of corrosion. This paper examines the basic mechanisms underlying battery corrosion, classifying several forms such as thermal, electrolyte leakage-induced, galvanic corrosion and so on. Furthermore, a thorough analysis is conducted of the variables that affect corrosion, such as temperature, charge-discharge cycles, and electrolyte composition. Advanced diagnostic methods for corrosion monitoring and detection are covered, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Additionally, new approaches to corrosion prevention are examined, such as solid-state electrolytes, improved coatings, and electrolyte additives. Additionally emphasized is the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in conjunction for predictive maintenance and real-time monitoring. Research and development efforts must focus on addressing battery corrosion since it is essential to enhancing the sustainability, dependability, and efficiency of energy storage technologies.