PPCP contamination in surface water: Emerging threats to human health and ecosystem stability

Pharmaceutical and personal care items are endangering human health and harming the environment. River and surface water bodies are the main contaminated resources as they include a variety of polluting residues, including those from antibiotics, synthetic hormones, analgesics, antimicrobials, and cosmetic items. Very high pharmaceutical concentrations (in the order of mg/l) have been found in industrial effluents in China, India, Israel, Korea, and the USA. India is also one of the top 5 pharmaceutical manufacturers in the world. As a result, these waste residues exist in freshwater in trace amounts and can enter our systems through drinking water or the food chain. By attaching to receptors, it has an impact on the endocrine system in both humans and animals, causing both agonistic and antagonistic effects. Numerous ailments and diseases have been reported in humans, animals, and aquatic species as a result. These compounds give birth to a new class of pollutants known as Emerging Contaminants (EC). Therefore, it is crucial to assess the effects of PPCP residue in surface water on human health. published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES