Barrier to the adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices by small-scale farmers in Kebbi state, Nigeria

The study examined the barriers smallholder farmers in Nigeria's Kebbi State faced while attempting to implement climate-smart farming methods. To choose 120 respondents for the study, a three-stage sampling technique was employed. A well-structured questionnaire schedule was used to collect the data, and frequency and percentage were used for analysis. Access to farmer-based insurance was cited by nearly half of the respondents (31.3%) as a very high economic barrier. Infertile soil (58.0%) and the prevalence of weeds, pests, and diseases (67.3%) were cited by a significant portion of respondents as major environmental limitations. Disputes between farmers and herders (62.0%) and tribal disputes (51.3%) were examples of socio-cultural restrictions. Institutional restrictions included limited access to extension services (57.3%) and minimal government assistance for agricultural inputs (53.3%). Therefore, it is advised that budgetary support be provided and public-private partnerships be strengthened to leverage funding for the implementation of climate-smart activities.