A REVIEW OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS AND THEIR ASSOCIATED ADVERSE EVENTS

Epilepsy is such a chronic neurological disorder that has recurrent unprovoked seizures and affects millions of people worldwide. Antiepileptic drugs are central in managing the disease to lessen or eradicate seizure episodes and improve patients' quality of life. Despite their therapeutic potential, AEDs are often associated with various unwanted events that can significantly adversely affect treatment adherence, tolerability, and long-term outcomes. This overall review elaborates on the pharmacological classifications, mechanisms of action, and clinical applications of first-generation and second-generation AEDs. More importantly, common drug reactions, which may range from mild side effects such as dizziness and gastrointestinal discomfort to more severe events including hepatotoxicity, dermatological reactions, psychiatric disturbances, and hematological abnormalities. Genetic and patient-specific factors in adverse drug reactions, therapeutic drug monitoring, and individualized approaches are discussed in this review. Safety profile evaluation is essential for treatment optimization to prevent risks and improve patient outcomes.