The Potential of Space in Advancing Cancer Treatment: A Review

The treatment of cancer has undergone revolutionary changes throughout the years, moving from traditional surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy to advances in precision medicine and immunotherapy. Concurrently, space-based research has become a cutting-edge area of biomedical inquiry. Investigations of cellular activity, tumor progression, medication response, and immunological regulation are made possible by the special circumstances of microgravity, cosmic radiation, and changed fluid dynamics in space, which are not possible on Earth. This paper discusses the development of three-dimensional tumor models, the effects of microgravity on cancer cell biology, and the implications for immunotherapy and medication development. It summarizes recent results from space studies. Additionally, the review looks at how space radiation studies have advanced radiation therapy, how artificial intelligence and nanotechnology can optimize experimental protocols, and what ethical and regulatory frameworks are required to translate these findings into clinical practice. by the integration of many studies [1–8, 15, 19, 23, 28, 31, 34, 37, 42, 45, 51, 55, 59, 63, 67, 71, 75, 78], the potential of space research to transform oncology and enhance patient outcomes is highlighted in this review.