Problems Of Agricultural Labourers In Maharashtra's Agriculture Sector

Abstract: Agricultural labourers play a crucial role in Maharashtra’s rural economy, yet they face numerous socio-economic challenges, including low wages, job insecurity, seasonal unemployment, lack of social security, and migration. Despite contributing significantly to the agricultural sector, they remain among the most vulnerable groups due to poor wage structures, gender pay gaps, and inadequate government support. This research paper examines the major problems faced by agricultural labourers in Maharashtra, using statistical data from government reports such as the NSSO, Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS), and Economic Survey of Maharashtra. The paper highlights that most agricultural labourers belong to socially disadvantaged communities, particularly SCs, STs, and OBCs, which further exacerbates their marginalisation. Additionally, women agricultural workers often face double discrimination in terms of lower wages and limited access to welfare schemes. The seasonal nature of agricultural work results in underemployment for a significant part of the year, forcing many labourers to migrate to urban areas in search of temporary employment, often under exploitative conditions. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of government policies like the MGNREGA, which aims to provide at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year. It investigates how these schemes are implemented at the ground level and the gap between policy and practice. Special attention is given to the role of rural development programs and social security initiatives in uplifting this segment of the workforce. Finally, the paper suggests key policy interventions, including better wage implementation, stricter enforcement of minimum wage laws, expansion of employment guarantee schemes, skill development and training programs tailored to rural youth, and enhanced access to credit and insurance. Addressing these challenges is essential for ensuring a sustainable agricultural economy and improving the livelihoods of millions of agricultural workers in Maharashtra.