A Comprehensive Review on the Effect of Climate Change on Algal Biofuel Production

The exponential increase in world population has put enormous increased motorization that led to an overwhelming pressure on the earth's finite supply of fossil fuels. For the benefit of human well-being, renewable and sustainable energy sources must be developed because the lack of fossil fuels is negatively affecting the environment and the economy. Algae with high cellulose/starch/lipid accumulation can be the best substitute for food crops in the case of economic and environmental concerns. These algae can be used to produce bioethanol, a sustainable fuel. Some types of algae can directly contribute to the generation of ethanol by producing it during dark-anaerobic fermentation. Production of algal-based biofuel is an economically effective and environmentally friendly energy source that seems to be a promising alternative for the future generation of biofuel. In the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, sustainable transport is mainstreamed across several SDGs and targets, especially food security, health, energy, economic growth, infrastructure, and cities and human settlements. It aims to make cities and human settlements inclusive and identify ways to develop and implement low-carbon and resilient transport strategies. The current review describes the state of the field of algae biofuel in the past present and future. The likelihood of producing biofuel energy from algae cells in the future can be increased by implementing a sophisticated plan to increase biofuel output. Current theories regarding algal potential for producing biofuel are compiled in this study. It discusses each phase of the process, scientific accomplishments, current issues, and recommendations for future research aims and objectives.