Histomorphological Appraisal of Central Nervous System Tumors: Retrospective Study In Tertiary Care Center

Introduction: Brain is a complex organ controlling various important processes that regulate the body, serves as centre of nervous system in vertebrates. Pathology in any part of the brain, compromises its function. This leads to high mortality in the patients with brain diseases. Central nervous system (CNS) tumors consist of brain tumors along with tumors of the spinal cord. They form about 2% of all the malignancies in humans. Tumors (benign or malignant) are the unwanted growth of cells, which impact brain function if they grow large enough to compress surrounding tissue. We aim to study the spectrum of histopathological findings of different types of CNS tumors and classify them according to the 2021 WHO classification. Here we present a series of 72 cases. Material and Methods: Retrospective observational histopathological study of CNS tumors was carried out in the Pathology Department of tertiary care center for duration of two years. 72 cases were studied. Various benign and neoplastic conditions were analysed with reference to age, gender, clinical findings, gross and histopathology. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained and paraffin-embedded tissue were also received for microscopy. Tumors diagnosed were classified according to 2021 WHO classification for CNS tumors. Result: Based on histopathological findings, we have diagnosed 72 cases of CNS tumors and classified them. Majority were Meningioma 28 cases (38.89%) followed by Astrocytoma 19 cases (26.39%). Affects wide range of age group, youngest being 2 years to eldest being 79 years, with mean age group of 41-50 years in our study. Males (51.39%) are affected more compared to females (48.61%). Conclusion: The study provides a picture of CNS tumors, demographic incidence and resenting features. Histopathology plays an important role in the diagnosis of tumor types. Early detection, Proper diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential for better outcomes and for increasing longevity of the patients