A Comprehensive Review of Roller Bearings and Failure Mechanisms

Roller bearings play a critical role in the smooth functioning of rotating machinery by supporting radial and axial loads with minimal friction. Their performance and reliability are essential in various industrial applications, including automotive, aerospace, and manufacturing sectors. This review article presents a comprehensive overview of roller bearing types, their design characteristics, material selection, lubrication requirements, and typical damage mechanisms. Emphasis is placed on the causes and identification of bearing failures, such as wear, spalling, corrosion, misalignment, and electrical erosion. Furthermore, the paper discusses failure analysis techniques and preventive maintenance practices to enhance bearing life and operational efficiency. This work aims to aid researchers and engineers in understanding the complexities of bearing operation and damage analysis, thereby contributing to improved machinery reliability and reduced downtime.