ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES IN THE TREATMENT OF DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS

Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a significant global health challenge, posing serious threats to public health and complicating disease control efforts. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) has limited the effectiveness of standard treatment regimens, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic approaches and comprehensive management strategies. This article explores the current landscape of DR-TB treatment, highlighting recent advancements in pharmacological therapies, the role of individualized treatment protocols, and the importance of patient-centered care. Additionally, it addresses key barriers to successful treatment outcomes, including delayed diagnosis, treatment adherence issues, and healthcare infrastructure limitations. The article concludes with recommendations for strengthening global TB programs, accelerating research efforts, and enhancing access to innovative treatments to improve patient outcomes and reduce TB transmission.