Stem bursting as a consequence of winter injury on the young argan plants

The Argan tree (Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels) is an endemic species of Morocco, thriving in arid and semi-arid regions with a Mediterranean climate. It plays a crucial ecological, pharmaceutical, and socio-economic role in its native habitat. However, the Argan forest faces threats such as deforestation, overgrazing, and low natural regeneration. To address these challenges, artificial regeneration through seedling transplantation has been pursued, but many efforts have failed due to various constraints. In response, the Development of Argan Cultivation in Vulnerable Zones (DARED) project aims to enhance Argan tree transplantation techniques and overcome reforestation challenges. One such challenge observed is stem bursting in young Argan seedlings. This study, conducted in Aguerdane village, Morocco, aimed to identify the causes of stem bursting and propose preventive measures. Field observations revealed the phenomenon of stem bursting predominantly at the basal part of seedlings, followed by regrowth of shoots. Laboratory analyses ruled out rodent damage and pathogenic infections as causes, implicating climatic conditions, particularly cold temperatures, as the likely factor. Recommendations such as trunk wrapping to protect against extreme cold are proposed to mitigate stem bursting and promote successful Argan tree transplantation efforts.