Bioplastics and Circular Economy: A Sustainable Path to a Plastic-Free Future

Plastic pollution has become a significant environmental challenge, necessitating sustainable alternatives such as bioplastics. This study explores the role of bioplastics in the circular economy by evaluating their chemical composition, biodegradability, antimicrobial properties, and structural characteristics using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Chemical analysis confirms that bioplastics primarily consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, indicating their organic nature and potential for degradation. Biodegradability tests reveal that bioplastics decompose 60–80% within six weeks under natural soil conditions, whereas conventional plastics show minimal degradation. Antimicrobial analysis indicates that certain bioplastics, particularly those infused with natural additives, exhibit bacterial resistance, reducing microbial contamination risks. FTIR analysis validates the presence of key functional groups responsible for polymer stability and confirms the absence of petroleum-based components. The findings suggest that bioplastics offer a promising sustainable alternative to traditional plastics, supporting waste reduction and environmental conservation within a circular economy framework. However, further research is required to improve mechanical strength and scalability for widespread adoption.