Neurociência computacional e desafios de segurança na atualidade

Computational neuroscience has consolidated itself as a crucial interdisciplinary field, establishing bridges between neuroscientific advances and computational technologies for the development of biologically inspired neuromorphic systems. This study presents a narrative review of the theoretical foundations of computational neuroscience, tracing the historical evolution of computational applications and elucidating the emergence of this scientific domain, from pioneering artificial neuron models to contemporary neuromorphic computing architectures, including implementations in specialized hardware and deep learning algorithms. Particularly relevant is the identification and analysis of emerging security challenges in current neuromorphic systems, considering vulnerabilities intrinsic to their design. This in-depth understanding of these security aspects proves fundamental for the responsible development and secure implementation of neuromorphic technologies