Prevalence and Perioperative Complications of Metabolic Syndrome Among Eastern Indian Elective Surgical Patients

BACKGROUND: Perioperative management of patients with Metabolic Syndrome 1 has always been a challenge for the anesthesiologist. However, limited studies have been conducted to investigate perioperative complications and management strategies for these patients. Metabolic Syndrome is also associated with increased health service costs and longer hospital stays. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its impact on perioperative adverse events among Eastern Indian surgical patients. AIMS: The aim of our study was to determine the burden of Metabolic Syndrome among patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery and to observe the various complications associated with them in the perioperative setting. Additionally, we sought to investigate whether Metabolic Syndrome could be associated with these complications. SETTINGS AND DESIGN : This was a prospective observational study,which was conducted at a single centre tertiary care hospital for approximately 1.5 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on a total of 246 adult patients who were scheduled to undergo elective non-cardiac surgery. Patients who met the diagnostic criteria for Metabolic Syndrome according to the NCEP ATP III guidelines 2 were included in the study. Complications observed in the perioperative period included cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, neurological, infective, thromboembolic, and mortality. These complications were noted and statistically analyzed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS : For statistical analysis, data was entered into a Microsoft excel spreadsheet and then analyzed by SPSS (version 27.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).using Chi-square test and p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: In our study, the overall prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among the 246 patients included was found to be 28%. Hyperglycemia was found to be the most common comorbidity, accounting for 60% of the total 70 cases. The study also showed a statistically significant difference in patients with Metabolic Syndrome, who had higher incidences of perioperative cardiac complications, pulmonary complications, and surgical site infections. CONCLUSION : In our study, it was found that almost one in three of the 246 patients suffered from Metabolic Syndrome. Females had a higher prevalence compared to males. Our results indicate that Metabolic Syndrome represents a significant risk factor for the development of perioperative complications in the context of surgery.