Calyxochaetus frontalis

Calyxochaetus frontalis (Loew) (Figs 8–10, 12, 112, 129, 135, 146) Sympycnus frontalis Loew, 1861: 67. Calyxochaetus frontalis: Parent (1930: 107). Type material examined. LECTOTYPE (designated here to fix identity of the species), ♂ from Pennsylvania, USA, labeled: “Loew/ Coll.”; “Type/ 4/ 12924 [red label]”; “LECTOTYPE/ ♂ Calyxochaetus / frontalis (Loew) / des. J.B. Runyon [blue label]” (MCZ) [photos examined]. Other material examined. CANADA: Ontario: Niagara Falls, 6.viii.1929, ALM (1♂, USNM); Niagara Glen, 1.viii.1957, J.R. Vockeroth (1♂, CNC); Ottawa, 5.vi.1946, G.E. Shewell (1♂, CNC); Ottawa, 27.vi.1991, damp shaded ditch in Acer wood, J.R. Vockeroth (1♂, CNC); same data except, 31.viii.1993 (2♂, CNC); Normandale, 42°42′ -80°19′, 2.vi.1956, J.R. Vockeroth (1♂, CNC); St. Ignace II, Sturgeon Bay, v.1959, wooded ravine, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, CNC); Waterdown, Grindstone Creek, 43°19′47″N 79°53′13″W, 17.vi.2023, B.J. Sinclair (1♂, CNC). Quebec: Old Chelsea, 9.vii.1959, J.R. Vockeroth (1♂, CNC); Lac Phillipe, 45°37N 76°W, 22.viii.1959, J.R. Vockeroth (1♂, CNC); Hull, Fairy Lake Creek, 29.ix.1959, J.F. McAlpine (1♂, CNC). USA: Alabama: Lauderdale County: West Fork Anderson Creek, 0.3 mi S Grassy, 7.viii.1992, RLH (1♂, 7♀, MTEC). Connecticut: Fairfield County: Redding, 1–11.vi.1929, ALM (4♂, USNM), same data except, 31.viii.1930 (1♂, USNM); Candlewood Lake, 30.viii.1941, ALM (1♂, USNM). District of Columbia: Rock Creek Park, stream, 38.91922° -77.05605°, 30.v.2016, JBR (4♂, MTEC). Florida: Alachua County: 3 mi. E Gainesville, 4.viii.1988, RLH (1♀, MTEC). Georgia: Dade County: Cloudland Canyon State Park, near Trenton, 24.iv.1989, J.M. Cumming (1♂, 1♀, CNC). Illinois: Hancock County: Nauvoo, 25.vii.1972, FCH (3♂, FSCA); Pope County: Burden Falls, 20.v.1991, B.J. Sinclair (2♂, CNC); Vermillion County: Windfall Creek, 700 ft, N40°11.63′ W87°42.33′, 26.viii.2006, JBR (1♂, 1♀, MTEC). Indiana: Crawford County: Hoosier National Forest, Hemlock Cliffs, trickling stream, 19.v.1991, B.J. Sinclair (4♂, 6♀, CNC); Lawrence County: Spring Mill State Park, small stream, 19.v.1991, B.J. Sinclair (1♂, CNC); Marion County: Indianapolis, 18.vii.1943, FCH (1♂, FSCA); same data except, 4.vi.1944 (1♂, FSCA); same data except, 4.vii.1944 (1♂, FSCA). Iowa: Allamakee County: 3 mi. NW Lansing, 6.viii.2002, RLH (2♂, 2♀, MTEC). Kentucky: Edmonson County: Mammoth Cave National Park, 23.viii.1981, J.R. Vockeroth (2♂, CNC); Letcher County: Poor Fork Cumberland River, N37°04.37′ W82°45.05′, 2.vi.2008, JBR (1♂, MTEC); Pike County: Russell Fork River, 850 ft, N37°17.891′ W82°19.414′, 3.vii.2006, JBR (7♂, 1♀, MTEC). Mississippi: Adams County: 9 mi NW Kingston, 17.viii.1981, RLH (2♂, MTEC). Missouri: Camden County: Climax Springs, 10.viii.1992, RLH (1♂, 6♀, MTEC); St. Louis County: Saint Louis, 15.vi.1952, FCH (1♂, FSCA); same data except, 6.vii.1952 (1♂, FSCA). New York: Steuben County: Canisteo, 2.viii.1957, J.R. Vockeroth (2♂, CNC); Suffolk County: Cold Spring Harbor, 7.vii.1927, ALM (1♂, USNM); Tompkins County: Ringwood, 2.vii.1928, H.A. Scullen (1♂, FSCA); Ithaca, 15.viii.1928, ALM (1♂, USNM); Westchester County: Peekskill, 11.vi.1927, ALM (2♂, USNM). North Carolina: Madison County: Big Laurel Creek, 2900 ft, N35°54.614′ W82°32.613′, 2.vii.2006, JBR (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); Macon County: Wayah Bald, 5300 ft, 14.vii.1957, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, CNC); Swain County: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, N35°36′ W83°25′, Malaise, 24–27.v.1999, L.W. Quate (1♂, MTEC). Ohio: Geauga County: Novelty Township, Chagrin River, 6.viii.1982, R.S. Zack (1♂, 2♀, WSU). Oklahoma: Latimer County: Robbers Cave State Park, 5 mi. N Wilburton, 21.v.1993, along Rough Canyon Creek, J.M. Cumming (1♂, CNC); Robbers Cave State Park, creek at Ash Creek Road, N35°0′8″ W95°21′26″, 2.vi.2019, B.J. Sinclair (1♂, 1♀, CNC). Pennsylvania: Cambria County: Prince Gallitzin State Park, Crooked Run, N40°40.201′ W78°34.032′, 16.vi.2007, JBR (1♂, MTEC); Centre County: Little Fishing Creek, 6 mi. E Bellefonte, 22.iv.2005, JBR (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); Elk Creek, 2 mi N Millheim, 5.vi.2005, JBR (1♂, MTEC); Black Moshannon State Park, Moss-Hanne Trail, Shirks Run, 1900 ft, 12.viii.2007, JBR (1♂, MTEC); Clearfield County, DuBois, 3.ix.1927, ALM (1♂, USNM); Mineral Springs, 5.ix.1927, ALM (1♂, USNM); Huntingdon County: Shavers Creek, 0.25 mi. E Perez Lake, 23.viii.2003, JBR (1♂, MTEC); Perez Lake, 31.viii.2003, JBR (3♂, 1♀, MTEC); Luzerne County: Choke Creek, 3.4 mi. SW Thornhurst, 22.vii.1991, RLH (4♀, MTEC); Union County: Lewisburg, 26.viii.1981, J.R. Vockeroth (4♂, 1♀, CNC); Whitedeer, 26.viii.1981, J.R. Vockeroth (1♂, CNC); Venango County: Richey Run, 0.5 mi. E Emlenton, 23.viii.2003, JBR (1♂, 1♀, MTEC). South Carolina: Pickens County: Easley, Middle Branch Brushy Creek, N34°47.724′ W82°33.201′, 30.vi.2006, JBR (3♂, 2♀, MTEC). Tennessee: Sevier County: Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Elkmont campground, roadcut seep, 14.vi.1990, B.J. Sinclair (1♀, CNC); same data except, Ramsay Cascade Trail, 35°42′40″N 83°23′02″W, 13.vi.2008 (1♂, CNC); Unicoi County: 2.2 mi. NW Erwin, state route 81, stream, 18.v.2000, JBR (1♂, 5♀, MTEC). Virginia: Albemarle County: Briar Fork, 2 mi NE Schuyler, 20.vii.1991, RLH (6♂, 7♀, MTEC); Augusta County: Staunton, Gypsy Hill Park, 6.vii.2006, JBR (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); Dickenson County: Cranesnest River, N37°08.5′ W82°25.3′, 10.v.2000, JBR (7♂, 5♀, MTEC); same data except, 29.vi.2006 (2♂, MTEC); same data except, 30.v.2008 (2♂, MTEC); same data except, 18.vii.2008 (1♂, MTEC); same data except, 12.v.2011 (2♂, MTEC); same data except, 26.xii.2015 (1♂, MTEC); 6 mi. SE Clintwood, small stream, 1865 ft, 13.v.2011, JBR (4♂, MTEC); Lick Branch, 2.5 mi. E Clintwood, N37°09.50′ W82°24.15′, 9.vi.2008, JBR (2♂, MTEC); Ramey Fork, 3 mi. N Clintwood, 15.viii.2008, JBR (1♂, MTEC); Camp Branch Creek, N37°16.283′ W82°17.678′, 19.vii.2008, JBR (1♂, MTEC); Georges Fork, N37°10.83′ W82°28.97′, 20.viii.2008, JBR (1♂, MTEC); Holly Creek, N37°09.264′ W82°25.158′, 11.v.2015, JBR (2♂, MTEC); McClure River at McClure, 10.v.2000, JBR (1♀, MTEC); Pound River campground, 11.v.2000, JBR (3♂, MTEC); Fairfax County: Turkey Run, 9.x.1921, W.L. McAtee (1♂, USNM); Falls Church, Holmes Run, 2.vi.1962, light trap, W.W. Wirth (1♂, USNM); Floyd County: Pine Creek, 7 mi. NW Endicott, 12.vii.1987, RLH (1♂, 2♀, MTEC); Giles County: Stony Creek, 2000 ft, 26.v.1962, J.G. Chillcott (3♂, 3♀, CNC); Montgomery County: Blacksburg, 2100 ft, 28–29.v.1962, J.G. Chillcott (1♂, 1♀, CNC); Nelson County: Dillard Creek at Lovingston, 19.vii.1991, RLH (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); Page County: Luray, 24.vi.1933, ALM (1♂, USNM); Tazewell County: Plum Creek, 4 mi. S Tazewell, 4.viii.1992, RLH (1♂, 2♀, MTEC); same data except, 6 mi S Tazewell (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); Wise County: High Knob Lake, 13.v.2000, JBR (2♀, MTEC); Norton Reservoir, 18.v.2000, JBR (2♀, MTEC). West Virginia: Braxton County: Birch River, 5.5 mi NW Erbacon, 19.vii.1991, RLH (3♂, 7♀, MTEC); Greenbriar County: Harts Run, N37°45.42′ W80°21.31′, 13.viii.2008, JBR (1♂, 1♀, MTEC); Putnam County: 1 mi S Hurricane, 3.viii.1992, RLH (9♂, 9♀, MTEC); Tucker County: Davis, Blackwater Falls State Park, 30.v–2.vi.1990, B.J. Sinclair (1♂, CNC). Diagnosis. This eastern North American species is distinguished by the unmodified arista-like stylus (Fig. 112) and hind tibia with ventral row of small close-set setae with those near base thin apically and curved downward (Fig. 135). Redescription. Male. Wing length 2.4–2.8 mm. Head: Frons with large glabrous shiny blue-violet spot on either side of ocellar tubercle. Face white-silver, very narrow, 1–2 ommatidia wide at narrowest. Antenna (Fig. 112) dark brown; scape shorter than postpedicel; postpedicel elongate oval, length variable from 1.5–2.0X as long as wide; arista-like stylus unmodified, evenly tapered to apex. Palpus small, elongate oval, brown with apex yellow. Thorax: Pleura brown with thick gray pruinosity and blue tinge; metepimeron mostly to wholly yellow. Scutellum with distinct blue-violet reflections medially. Legs: Foreleg: Yellow, except tarsus becoming brown from apex of tarsomere 3. Tibia slender, sometimes with small posterodorsal seta near 1/3. Tarsomere 1 very short, slightly longer than wide. Tarsomere 2 half tibia length, less than combined length of tarsomeres 3–4. Tarsomere 3 half tarsomere 2 length, with longer dorsal microsetulae at apex. Tarsomere 4 1.5X tarsomere 3 length, dorsal surface with short hooked microsetulae and row of slightly larger microsetulae across apex. Midleg: Yellow, except tarsus brown from near apex of tarsomere 1. Tarsus (Fig. 129) slightly longer than tibia. Tarsomere 1 about half tibia length, slightly longer than combined length of tarsomeres 2–5. Tarsomere 2 subequal to combined length of tarsomeres 3–5, scarcely broadened apically, with very small anteroapical projection bearing a few longer pale microsetulae. Tarsomeres 3–4 short with short anterior pale microsetulae; tarsomere 3 nearly round, tarsomere 4 slightly longer than wide. Tarsomere 5 subequal to combined length of tarsomeres 3–4. Hindleg: Yellow, except tarsus brown beyond apex of tarsomere 1. Tibia (Fig. 135) with ventral row of short close-set setae, those near base thin apically and curved downward. Wing: Evenly tinged brown. Elongate oval and rather narrow, with anal area reduced. Distal section of M 4 about 3X longer than crossvein dm-m. Abdomen: Tergites 2–3 usually mostly yellow (sometimes brown dorsally and along margins). Tergite 4 sometimes yellow at base, remaining tergites dark brown. Hypopygium (Figs 8–10, 12): Postgonites with apical lobes broadly rounded, translucent light brown, with sclerotized brown rod along dorsal edge. Female. Wing length 2.8–3.1 mm. Similar to male except as follows: Head: Face wider (subequal to postpedicel width), nearly parallel-sided, gray-silver. Antenna with postpedicel about as wide as long, rounded but with apex weakly flattened. Palpus larger, triangular, rounded apically, brown at base and broadly yell