CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM: IMPORTANCE OF EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT

Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is a prevalent endocrine disorder in newborns, primarily caused by thyroid dysgenesis or dyshormonogenesis. The deficiency of thyroid hormones from birth can severely impair neurological development and physical growth if left untreated. Since clinical signs may be subtle or absent in the neonatal period, universal newborn screening programs are vital for early detection. Timely diagnosis and prompt initiation of levothyroxine therapy can prevent irreversible cognitive impairment and ensure normal development. This article highlights the etiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, treatment strategies, and prognosis of CH.