Using Multiple Regression Analysis of Food Security Factors in Indonesia

Food security, an elemental necessity for human survival and welfare, remains an issue of universal significance. This study focuses on Indonesia, utilizing data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Bank database. It considers factors integral to food security such as freshwater utilization, cultivation usage, nitrogen fertilizer usage, Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and rice grain yield. A multiple linear regression model was constructed with rice production as the dependent variable to encapsulate the food security status. The study concludes that post-2017, there is a pronounced divergence between the actual and theoretical per capita rice ownership curves, with the rice supply exhibiting persistent instability. When conducting a principal component analysis, the first component (PC1) accounted for 92% of the variance, indicating its substantial role. Among the studied variables, nitrogen fertilizer use, freshwater utilization, and cultivated land area emerged as the pivotal factors influencing food security.