The Socio-Economic Landscape of Walking: Longitudinal Insights from the UK National Travel Survey (2007-2023)

Walking is a sustainable transport mode with significant health, environmental, and socio-economic benefits. This study investigates the socio-economic factors associating with walking behaviours in England, using National Travel Survey data (2007–2023). Results show increased walking participation over time. Urban residents and individuals with higher income and education levels walked more, while those with mobility difficulties were significantly less likely to walk. In contrast, lower-income individuals walked more often, partly due to limited access to private vehicles. The findings reveal emphasise the need for inclusive policies and targeted investments to promote equitable and sustainable walking