Etiology and Management of Anterior Uveitis: A Clinical Study

Background: Uveitis is a complex intraocular inflammatory condition with various etiological factors Anterior uveitis is the most common form of uveitis. The inflammation may be triggered by an infectious agent or trauma, but in some instances, it is suspected to have an autoimmune origin. This study aimed to assess the etiological patterns, treatment outcomes, and complications of anterior uveitis. Methods: This prospective clinical study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology. Patients aged 20-60 years presenting with anterior uveitis were included. Comprehensive clinical evaluations and investigations were carried out to determine the underlying causes. Patients received specific and non-specific treatments and were followed for 6 months. Complications were recorded. Results: A total of 40 cases were included in the study. Most anterior uveitis cases occur in middle-aged adults (31-50 years), with fewer cases in younger and older age groups. There is no strong preference for the involvement of either the right or left eye, suggesting that anterior uveitis can affect both eyes with similar frequency. The most common cause of anterior uveitis is idiopathic, meaning the underlying cause remains unknown. However, other factors, including inflammatory conditions, infectious agents, and lens-related issues, can also contribute to the development of the disease. The specific management approach for anterior uveitis will depend on the underlying cause. Treatment may involve medications, corticosteroids, or in some cases, surgical intervention. Conclusion: The primary cause of anterior uveitis remained unidentified in many cases. Comprehensive examination and investigations are essential for accurate diagnosis. Timely treatment leads to favorable visual outcomes, though chronic and recurrent cases often result in ocular morbidity.