Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Development of Critical Thinking in Cycle 2 Students

This qualitative study investigates how Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools impact the development of critical thinking skills in Cycle 2 students (Grades 3–5). Through semi-structured interviews with teachers and students, classroom observations, and analysis of student work conducted over eight weeks in three primary schools, the research explores students’ cognitive engagement and teachers’ perspectives on AI integration. Thematic analysis reveals that AI can enhance metacognitive awareness and support critical thinking when combined with active teacher facilitation, but also highlights risks of overreliance on technology. The study offers practical insights for educators on effectively using AI to foster reasoning and reflection in young learners.