A Bio-dynamic Agriculture Model based on Rock Dust: A Case Study in Alto Alegre, Roraima, Brazil

Abstract— The success in the use of rock dust as a non-chemical fertilizer, being a great vitoria of biodynamic agriculture, has led to an interesting amount of investigations, mainly with a highly theoretical bias, often without discussing common trade-offs in agriculture such as the fact that the larger soil breathing increases the problem of potential carbon loss and the highest sodium concentration increases the problem of the risk of soil sodification. Researchers found that the correction of soil nutritional deficiencies can also be achieved with the application of finely ground rock types such as natural phosphates, gypsum, mafic and ultramafic rocks e mais recentemente as silicate rocks, and more recently silicate rocks, due to their abundance and the ease with which they can be found in the form of fine residues from the moulding process in the canteras. The idea of these researchers is that the carrier rocks are full of nutrients, particularly K, Ca and Mg, and therefore laboratory tests are not necessary. In other words, most researchers avoid joint analysis (rocks and soils), in particular geochemicals and mineral analysis, because the easiest part of the work is to show, through literature reviews, the great advantages of sostenible fertilizers, in particular as regards highly degraded soils, putting special emphasis on strong soil remineralization and soil pH balance, in contrast to the high cost and harmful impact of chemical fertilizer industry on Global Global Warming, in proportion similar to fuel fuels. In addition they do not consider rock dust as a Biodinamic Homemade fertilizer. The difficulty of cooperatives engaging in the acquisition of crushing machines depends on a closer relationship with agricultural entitles to analyze both rocks and soils (compatibility examination) besides the union among farmers for formation in this “novelty” and subsequent construction of crushing machines in their own farms. For this reason, the research question is how culture relates to knowledge and intelligence in order to know what type of culture we have to build for effective Bio-dynamic agriculture. Therefore, this work brings two research models that feed each other. In addition to the Culture-Knowledge-Intelligence (CKI) model, this article presents a Bio-dynamic Agriculture model, a mature way of better using the resources available on the farm itself. The study concluded that this model is useful for small farmers to learn, through cooperatives, home-made farming practices, such as rock dust as a new fertilizer mixed or not with cattle manure.