Ancient India's Water Wisdom: Chanakya's Arthashastra Revisited

The rich heritage of water conservation in ancient Indian literature indeed showcases a profoundunderstanding of hydrology and hydraulic sciences in ancient India.The Vedas, especially the Rigveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda, serve as repositories of wisdomregarding the water cycle, water quality, hydraulic machinery, and various water managementtechniques.The Harappan civilization stands out as a testament to ancient India's advanced hydrologicalengineering prowess. Their construction of sophisticated hydraulic structures and wastewater disposalsystems reflects a sophisticated understanding of water management principles.The Mauryan Empire further advanced hydraulic civilization with its construction of dams, reservoirs,and channels equipped with spillways.Exploring ancient Indian literature, including mythology, unveils additional dimensions of scientificcontributions to hydrology and hydraulic engineering. This interdisciplinary review encompasseshistory, archaeology, hydrology, hydraulic engineering, and cultural studies, providing a holisticunderstanding of water management practices across the Indian subcontinent from the Harappan erato the Mauryan period. This paper explores the potential for alleviating this crisis by revisiting theingenious water management systems employed by Mauryan Empire as written in the treatiseArthashastra written by Chanakya. By delving into the sophisticated techniques and holisticphilosophies of the past, we can glean valuable insights to inform contemporary water managementstrategies and pave the path towards a more sustainable future.