High availability for cloud-based active–active services

As enterprises increasingly migrate mission-critical applications to the cloud, achieving continuous availability across geographically distributed regions becomes essential for meeting service-level objectives and ensuring operational resilience. This paper presents high availability (HA) strategies for cloud-based active–active services, emphasizing the use of core infrastructure primitives such as global DNS load balancing, regionspecific load balancers, and smart health checks. Through a comparative analysis of leading cloud platforms— Google Cloud Platform (GCP), Microsoft Azure, and Amazon Web Services (AWS)—the paper outlines methodologies for designing robust, multi-region architectures capable of sustaining sub-second failover and seamless user experiences. It further explores the role of DNS-based routing, L4/L7 load balancing, CDN integration, and real-time observability tools in enabling automated recovery from regional and service-level failures. In addition to platform-specific evaluations, the paper provides actionable best practices for deploying HA systems, including low-TTL DNS configurations, comprehensive dependency-aware health checks, and fault injection testing. The paper concludes by reinforcing the importance of layered failover mechanisms and continuous monitoring in achieving operational excellence in modern cloud-native environments This record contains metadata only. The publisher (IRJMETS) holds exclusive distribution rights. The final article will get an IRJMETS DOI; this Zenodo DOI provides a permanent reference in the meantime.