Terror Management Theory and Fear of Death

Abstract: This paper examines Terror Management Theory (TMT) and its role in shaping human psychology through the awareness of mortality. It explores the existential defense mechanisms—cultural worldviews, self-esteem, and close relationships—that help individuals cope with the fear of death. While these mechanisms provide psychological security, they can also foster prejudice and aggression when worldviews are challenged. Integrating insights from psychology, philosophy, and theology, this study highlights the dual impact of mortality salience, which can enhance prosocial behavior but also reinforce in-group biases. The interdisciplinary approach underscores the necessity of meaning-making frameworks in managing existential anxiety and proposes strategies for mitigating its negative consequences. Keywords: Terror Management Theory, Fear of Death, Existential Anxiety, Self-Esteem, Cultural Worldviews, Close Relationships, Social Behavior, Defense Mechanisms