Fiscal Discipline, Size of Government and Economic Growth in A Small Macro-Model of The Nigerian Economy

This study examines the interplay between fiscal discipline, government size, and economic growth within a small macroeconomic model of Nigeria. It addresses the rising fiscal deficits and escalating public debt prevalent in Sub-Saharan Africa, driven by high-interest borrowing, limited revenue collection, and dependence on commodity exports. Using Nigeria as a case study, the research explores how fiscal discipline impacts government size, output growth, and unemployment through simulation scenarios. The study employs an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and simulations to analyze the responses of key macroeconomic variables to changes in fiscal discipline, including fiscal deficit, government debt, and public expenditure stimuli. Findings reveal that fiscal indiscipline, measured as deficits exceeding 5% of GDP, increases government size, reduces output growth, and exacerbates unemployment. Simulation results show a 5% fiscal deficit stimulus raises government size by 0.5%-2%, decreases output growth by 4.5%-7.5%, and elevates unemployment by 0.8%-5.5%. Furthermore, excessive government debt and spending lead to unsustainable fiscal conditions, underscoring the need for robust fiscal rules and efficient public finance management. This research contributes to understanding fiscal dynamics in resource-dependent economies, offering actionable insights for policymakers aiming to balance growth objectives with fiscal prudence. It highlights the critical role of fiscal discipline in achieving macroeconomic stability and sustainable development, serving as a reference for policy frameworks in Nigeria and Sub-Saharan Africa.