Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment on Salivary Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF-1α) in Patients with Generalized Chronic Gingivitis and Periodontitis

Abstract Aim: The study aimed to estimate and compare the levels of salivary hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in unstimulated saliva samples of periodontally & systemically healthy volunteers, generalized chronic gingivitis & periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Materials and Methods: A total of 24 subjects were categorized into 3 groups: Group I: 8 periodontally and systemically healthy volunteers; Group II: 8 generalized chronic gingivitis patients and Group III: 8 stage III grade B periodontitis patients. The periodontal parameters were recorded at 0 day in all three groups and reassessed following non-surgical periodontal treatment on 90th day in group II and group III. The saliva samples were collected on 0 day in all the three groups and on 30th day & 90th day in group II and group III. Molecular analysis was done for detection of HIF-1α using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: On comparing the periodontal parameters at 0 day, the mean periodontal parameters were higher in both group II & III. Following the NSPT, both group II and III showed improved periodontal parameters with significant reduction at 90th day. Intra and intergroup comparison of the level of salivary HIF-1α was found be to be statistically significant in both group II & III compared to group I at 0, 30th and 90th days. Conclusion: The present study indicates that HIF- 1α can be used as potent biomarker to assess the effect of periodontal treatment and also signifies its possible interlink between hypoxia and periodontal disease pathogenesis.