Retrospective Study of Clinical and Outcome Characteristics in Snake Bite Patients

Abstract Background: Snakebite envenomation is a major health concern in India, particularly in rural regions with significant agricultural activity. Despite its burden, it remains understudied and underreported, often leading to serious complications or death. This study evaluates the clinical and outcome characteristics of snakebite patients from a rural tertiary care center in Maharashtra. Objectives: To analyze demographic, clinical, and treatment profiles, along with outcomes of snakebite patients, and to identify the complications and management patterns to inform improved clinical and public health strategies. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted at CPR Hospital Kolhapur, between November 2024 and March 2025. Hospital records of 30 patients aged ≥12 years with snakebites were reviewed. Data on demographics, symptoms, signs, bite characteristics, complications, treatments, and outcomes were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28. Frequencies and proportions were calculated for categorical variables, and means with standard deviation for continuous variables. Significance was tested using Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, and unpaired t-test. Results: Among the 30 patients, 73.3% were males, with a mean age of 35.5 years. The most common age group affected was 12–29 years (43.3%). Local pain and swelling (53.3%) were the most common symptoms, followed by ptosis and abdominal pain (33.3%). Vasculotoxic bites predominated (50%), with lower limbs being the most frequent site (56.7%). Time to hospital admission was delayed in 70% of cases. Complications were seen in 69.6% patients, with thrombocytopenia (23.3%) and respiratory paralysis (16.7%) being the most common. ASV with adrenaline was administered to 83.3% of patients; mechanical ventilation was needed in 16.7%. Despite delays and complications, 93.3% recovered, while mortality was 6.7%, primarily due to systemic complications and late presentation. Conclusion: Snakebite remains a critical yet neglected public health issue. Timely intervention, improved access to antivenom, and public awareness are essential to reduce complications and improve outcomes in rural India.