Analytical Techniques for Quantification of Iohexol in Pharmaceutical Preparations: A Comprehensive Review

Iohexol, a tri-iodinated contrast agent, plays a crucial role in diagnostic imaging, computed tomography (CT) and renal function assessment. Its accurate quantification in pharmaceutical formulations is essential to ensure product quality, efficacy, and patient safety. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various analytical techniques employed for the qualification and quantification of iohexol in pharmaceutical preparations. Methods such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and spectrophotometry. Additionally, recent advancements in analytical methodologies, including hyphenated techniques like LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is highlighted for their enhanced capabilities. The review also explores the challenges associated with iohexol analysis, including sample preparation, matrix interferences, and method validation parameters such as accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). A comparative analysis of the existing techniques aims to guide researchers and pharmaceutical analysts in selecting the most suitable method for precise iohexol quantification.