Formulation and Evaluation of a Polyherbal Topical Gel Containing Camellia sinensis, Boswellia serrata, and Glycyrrhiza glabra for Anti-inflammatory Activity

The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal topical gel incorporating extracts of Camellia sinensis, Boswellia serrata, and Glycyrrhiza glabra, known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of key bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and polyphenols. Six formulations (CSBSGG-1 to CSBSGG-6) were prepared and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including pH, spreadability, viscosity, and extrudability. Among them, CSBSGG-6 demonstrated optimal characteristics with a pH of 6.17, spreadability of 55 mm, extrudability of 89%, and viscosity of 4500 cp. In-vitro drug diffusion studies showed enhanced release for CSBSGG-6, comparable to marketed Diclofenac sodium gel. Rheological analysis confirmed thixotropic and thermoresponsive behavior, supporting its suitability for topical application. The formulation exhibited significant in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity with 86.27% inhibition of protein denaturation, closely matching the 88.63% inhibition shown by Diclofenac. In vivo studies using the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model further validated its efficacy. Chronic dermal toxicity evaluation revealed only mild, transient erythema with a Primary Dermal Irritation Index (PDII) of 1.0, indicating the formulation is safe for prolonged dermal use. These findings suggest that CSBSGG-6 is a stable, effective, and safe natural alternative to conventional topical anti-inflammatory agents.