COMMON EARLY COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES IN A MODERN INTERPRETATION

In 2015, there were more than 2.5 million patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), and selective epidemiological studies show that the true prevalence of type 2 diabetes is 3-4 times higher than the registered one. According to modern concepts, diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Among patients with diabetes mellitus, there are individuals with a combination of 2-3 or more complications. Up to 70% of patients with diabetes mellitus die from cardiovascular diseases. As a rule, in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic vascular complications of this disease are detected already at the first visit to the doctor. These include: damage to the blood vessels of the heart and brain with the development of heart attack and stroke, damage to the peripheral vessels of the lower extremities with the development of gangrene, visual impairment due to diabetic retinopathy, and impaired kidney function due to diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetes are 2-3 times more likely to develop cardiovascular pathologies (ischemic heart disease, heart attack, stroke) than the general population, 20 times more likely to develop gangrene of the extremities and chronic renal failure, and 10 times more likely to lose vision due to diabetic retinopathy.