Complex Spacetime Structures and the Duality of Real and Imaginary Expansion

This paper introduces a theoretical framework in which spacetime is modeled as a complex exponential surface, Z=, unifying spatial expansion and phase rotation. It proposes that all observable phenomena are surface-level projections, while imaginary components—undetectable by direct observation—govern inflation, energy generation, and material emergence. The study reinterprets the concept of the universe's origin, not as a chronological starting point, but as a boundary in complex phase space. Real physical quantities are shown to be inseparable from their imaginary counterparts, forming a dual-layered structure of reality. Author: Tetsuo Konno(今野哲夫)https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1842-7865