RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A REVIEW OF ITS CLASSIFICATION AND MEDICATIONS

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the joints, leading to inflammation, pain, stiffness, and eventual joint destruction. It is characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the synovial membrane, resulting in progressive disability if left untreated. RA develops through a series of clinical and pathological stages, beginning with synovitis and progressing through pannus formation, cartilage erosion, and joint deformity. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in altering the disease course. The treatment landscape for RA includes a wide range of pharmacological options such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and biologic agents that target specific components of the immune response. Recent advancements in targeted therapies have significantly improved patient outcomes by reducing inflammation, halting joint damage, and improving quality of life. This review provides an overview of the pathophysiology of RA, outlines its clinical stages, and discusses current and emerging drug therapies aimed at managing this debilitating condition.