NORMAL MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE PLACENTA

Resume. The placenta is a unique and transient organ that plays a central role in supporting fetal growth and development throughout pregnancy. It serves as a critical interface between the maternal and fetal circulations, enabling the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products. This literature review provides an in-depth analysis of the normal morphological and histological structure of the human placenta, highlighting the developmental stages, major anatomical regions, and microscopic features that characterize a healthy organ. The review also emphasizes the significance of chorionic villi, trophoblastic layers, and the placental barrier in ensuring proper placental function. Understanding these normal structures is essential for distinguishing pathological alterations that may contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Keywords: placenta; morphology; histology; chorionic villi; trophoblast; placental barrier; fetal development; human pregnancy; placental structure; maternal-fetal interface