Long-Term Climatic Trends in Rainfall and Temperature across Solapur district (Maharashtra): Implications for Climate Change Adaptation in India

Abstract Climate change has emerged as a critical concern worldwide, with significant implications for natural and social systems at local, regional, and national levels. The study was conducted at Department of Environmental Science, PAH Solapur University, Solapur for period 1982 to 2023. By using 42 years annual rainfall and temperature data of different tehsils of Solapur calculated trend analysis of mentioned weather parameters by using linear regression analysis method. The required climatic data is collected from IMD, Pune, Agro-meteorology Department, College of Agriculture, Pune and Agriculture Department, Govt. of Maharashtra. This study analyzes the long-term climatic trends (1982–2023) in rainfall and temperature across 11 tehsils in the Solapur district of Maharashtra, India. Using linear regression analysis, the study investigates the variations in annual rainfall, maximum, and minimum temperatures. The results reveal both significant and non-significant trends across the region. Akkalkot and Malshiras tehsils demonstrated significant increases in annual rainfall, with rates of 0.820 and 6.4588, respectively. On the other hand, significant decreases in rainfall were observed in Mohol, North Solapur, and Pandharpur tehsils. Temperature analysis showed a general non-significant increase in annual minimum temperatures, with slight decreases in maximum temperatures in some tehsils. These findings suggest complex regional patterns in climatic trends, with varying impacts on water resources, agriculture, and the environment. The study highlights the need for district-specific strategies to address climate change impacts, particularly in the context of water scarcity and agricultural productivity in India. Further research is required to understand the underlying causes of these trends and their long-term implications.