Microspheres as Novel Drug Delivery Advantages and Application: A Review

Microspheres are innovative drug delivery systems that have gained significant attention in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their ability to deliver therapeutic substances in a controlled and sustained manner. These microscopic, spherical particles, typically composed of biodegradable polymers and drugs, offer a variety of benefits, including improved drug solubility, extended release, and enhanced bioavailability. Microspheres are versatile, used in various fields such as vaccine delivery, controlled drug release, and diagnostic purposes. Their small particle size, ranging from 1 μm to 1000 μm, allows for precise delivery to target sites, minimizing side effects and enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Several methods of microsphere preparation, such as solvent evaporation, spray drying, and double emulsion techniques, are employed to achieve the desired drug release characteristics. The characterization of microspheres is crucial to assess parameters such as particle size, drug encapsulation efficiency, release behavior, and stability. This paper also explores various in vitro and in vivo methods for evaluating microsphere performance and their potential applications in drug delivery, particularly in controlled and sustained release systems.