Membrane-Based Purification of Biogas: Recent Advances

Biogas, primarily composed of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂), is an important renewable energy source. However, its direct use is limited due to the presence of CO₂ and other impurities like hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and moisture. Because of its scalability, energy efficiency, and small size, membrane separation technology has become a viable approach for upgrading biogas. Recent advancements in membrane designs and materials for methane enrichment and selective CO2 removal are reviewed in this research. Polymeric, inorganic, and mixed matrix membranes are specifically discussed, as well as performance indicators like durability, permeability, and selectivity. The study also discusses key challenges, including membrane fouling and operational cost, and outlines future directions for enhancing the commercial viability of membrane-based biogas purification systems.