Assessing Risk Factors in Patients With Pituitary Adenoma : A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT This study, Identifying Risk Factors in Pituitary Adenoma Patients, examines how pituitary adenomas disrupt the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, leading to menstrual irregularities such as amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and polymenorrhea. Key risk factors include prolactin levels, tumor size, adenoma type, and patient demographics. Prolactinomas are strongly linked to menstrual disturbances due to prolactin-induced suppression of GnRH, LH, and FSH. Macroadenomas worsen dysfunction by compressing adjacent structures, while non-functioning adenomas contribute indirectly through metabolic alterations. Dopamine agonists (cabergoline, bromocriptine) are first-line treatments for prolactinomas, while surgical intervention is preferred for macroadenomas. Persistent hormonal imbalances may require long-term monitoring and personalized management. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment are essential for optimizing reproductive health in affected patients. Keywords: Prolactin Levels, Tumor Size, Adenoma Type, Hormonal Imbalances, Patient Age, Response to Treatment, Tumor Duration