Unraveling the Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture and Livestock: A Global Perspective

Global climate is undergoing continuous change, with projections indicating increasingly dynamic fluctuations in the coming years. The warming of the climate system is undeniable, and the substantial increase in average global temperatures is predominantly attributed to the profound impact of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Climate change impacts will lead to changes in temperature, rainfall patterns, humidity, and atmospheric CO2 level. These alterations will diminish water resources, decreased agricultural output, which ultimately affect the human and animals’ livelihood. The climate system has experienced unparalleled transformations in recent decades, such as occurrences of droughts, floods, ocean acidification, rising sea levels, glacier melting, shifts in rainfall patterns, outbreaks of epidemic diseases, and challenges to food security. These modifications, coupled with other natural events triggered by climate change, have the potential to accelerate the extinction of numerous species and the degradation of their habitats. The livestock sector holds significant importance in agriculture, making substantial contributions to the nation’s economy. This sector stands as the primary contributor, constituting 40% of the agricultural Gross Domestic Product (GDP) worldwide. India is the world’s highest livestock owner at about 535.78 million livestock strength. In india Livestock provides livelihood to two-third of rural community and contributes 4.11% GDP and 25.6% of total Agriculture GDP. The performance and well-being of livestock will be directly impacted by climate change, primarily due to rising temperatures and the heightened occurrence of extreme weather events.