THE CLIMATE OF THE SAMUR-DAVACHI PHYSICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL REGION: CHANGES AND RESULTING IMPACTS

The climate of Azerbaijan, as well as the Samur-Dəvəçi physical-geographical region, is influenced by factors such as geographic location, relief, atmospheric circulation, wind regime, solar radiation, and more. Located in the northeastern part of Azerbaijan and on the coast of the Caspian Sea, the climate of the Samur-Dəvəçi physical-geographical region is characterized by semi-desert and arid steppe conditions. The location along the Caspian Sea influences the formation of the climate. Winters are mild, while summers are hot and dry. The average annual temperature ranges from 13-15°C, and the annual number of sunny hours is 2200. The annual solar radiation is 125-130 kcal/sm². The total amount of precipitation throughout the year is 300-400 mm, with most of the precipitation falling in the winter and autumn months. The Samur-Dəvəçi region mainly experiences wind from the north, northeast, south, southwest, west, and the brize winds. The climate of the area is characterized by a mild and stable temperature regime. The abundance of sunny hours and the low level of precipitation contribute to drought-like conditions in the region. In recent years, changes in the climate of Azerbaijan, as well as in the physical-geographical region, have been observed. Over the last few years, the average annual temperature has increased by 1-1.5°C. This increase is primarily due to the rise in the number of extreme hot days during the summer. There has also been a decrease in snow cover during the winter months in the Samur-Dəvəçi region. Additionally, the decreasing water levels in the Samur River, which is widely used for irrigation, are a result of negative climatic changes. To mitigate climate change, it is advisable to use artificial irrigation systems, expand forest and green areas, and implement various international measures.