The Role and Status of Women in the Indus Valley Civilization: A Socio-Cultural Analysis

This paper inspects the roles, status, and activities of women in the Indus Valley civilisation (c.2600-1900). It is one of the world's earliest urban cultures, renowned for its advanced city planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and uniform brick construction. Drawing upon archeological finds, including figurines, seals, burial remains, and other evidence. This study examines the social structure of women in both domestic and public spheres. While many undeciphered written records limit our direct insights, material culture suggests that women played a significant role in religious rituals, craft production, and household activities. This paper also examines gender representation in art and iconography to understand the cultural attitude towards women. The study aims to contribute to a more refined understanding of gender dynamics in early societies.