Utilization of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Fly Ash in Civil Engineering Applications: A Review

This review paper examines the effective utilization of Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GBFS) and fly ash as sustainable materials in civil engineering applications. Both materials, derived as industrial by-products, offer significant potential in soil stabilization, road construction, and pavement design due to their pozzolanic and cementitious properties. GBFS, when mixed with lime or cement, enhances the strength, durability, and load-bearing capacity of construction materials. Similarly, fly ash, through its binding properties, improves soil strength, reduces plasticity, and provides a cost-effective alternative to conventional materials. Extensive research highlights their role in increasing California Bearing Ratio (CBR) values, enhancing unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and reducing the environmental impact of construction activities. The review further discusses laboratory investigations, optimal mix proportions, and field applications. Promoting the use of GBFS and fly ash in construction projects not only minimizes waste generation but also advances sustainable construction practices. This paper serves as a comprehensive resource for researchers and engineers seeking to implement eco-friendly materials in infrastructure development.