THE EXAMINATION OF SCHEDULING TECHNIQUES, TOOLS, AND METHODOLOGIES IN PROJECT PLANNING AND EXECUTION

Abstract Effective project scheduling is crucial for ensuring the successful completion of projects within scope, time, and budget constraints. This study examines scheduling techniques, tools, and methodologies in project planning and execution, with a focus on optimizing resource allocation, time management, and risk mitigation. The research explores various scheduling methods, their applicability in different project environments, and their impact on project success. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected through surveys and interviews with project managers, industry professionals, and organizational leaders in Somalia. The findings indicate that while scheduling techniques such as the Critical Path Method (CPM), Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), and Agile scheduling frameworks significantly improve project outcomes, challenges such as resource limitations, unforeseen risks, and lack of stakeholder engagement can hinder effective scheduling. Additionally, technological advancements in project management software have contributed to more efficient scheduling and monitoring processes. The study emphasizes the need for continuous evaluation and adaptation of scheduling methodologies to align with project demands and industry trends. Recommendations include the adoption of hybrid scheduling approaches, enhanced training programs for project managers, and the integration of data-driven scheduling tools to improve project efficiency. These insights provide valuable guidance for organizations, policymakers, and project management professionals seeking to enhance project planning and execution strategies.